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Here, we describe a prime\u2010boost vaccination protocol based on the administration of antigen conjugated to poly\u2010lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>) microspheres followed by booster vaccination with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>isteria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> vectors, which rapidly generates potent immune responses within two weeks. Compared with conventional vaccination with antigen\u2010pulsed dendritic cells, the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content> microspheres resulted in immune responses of significantly higher magnitude, which could be further enhanced via coinjection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content> 3 agonists. In an immunocompetent model of subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>isteria<\/jats:italic> vaccination resulted in complete remission of established tumors and prolonged survival. To further test the efficacy of the novel vaccination for the treatment of solid tumors, we developed an orthotopic liver cancer model based on the injection of transposon\u2010flanked plasmids expressing oncogenes and model antigens. In this transgenic mouse model of liver cancer, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>isteria<\/jats:italic> vaccination resulted in eradication of liver tumors, long\u2010term survival of animals and establishment of stable cancer\u2010specific memory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell populations. Therefore, combined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>isteria<\/jats:italic> vaccination holds promise as a novel immunotherapeutic option for the treatment of solid cancers and as a means to boost the therapeutic efficacy of established cancer vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T18:33:08Z","timestamp":1386959588000},"page":"1213-1224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Microsphere priming facilitates induction of potent therapeutic <scp>T<\/scp>\u2010cell immune responses against autochthonous liver cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Brinkhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology Medical School Hannover Hannover 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