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When isolating splenic CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from mice infected with the parasitic helminth <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, we observed a defined population of IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u20104 double\u2010positive cells. These IFN\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u20104<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells showed differences in DNA methylation at the <jats:italic>Ifng<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Il4<\/jats:italic> loci when compared with IFN\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u20104<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> (Th1) and IFN\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>IL\u20104<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (Th2) cells, demonstrating that they represent a distinct effector cell population. IFN\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u20104<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells also displayed a discrete DNA methylation pattern at a CpG island within the body of the <jats:italic>Gata3<\/jats:italic> gene, which encodes the master regulator of Th2 identity. DNA methylation at this region correlated with decreased Gata3 levels, suggesting a possible role in controlling Gata3 expression. These data provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms behind the co\u2010existence of Th1 and Th2 characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T15:59:41Z","timestamp":1393516781000},"page":"1835-1841","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A unique <scp>DNA<\/scp> methylation signature defines a population of <scp>IFN<\/scp>\u2010\u03b3\/<scp>IL<\/scp>\u20104 double\u2010positive <scp>T<\/scp> cells during helminth infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Aim\u00e9e M.","family":"Deaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"De Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Phythian\u2010Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80702-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80240-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80671-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.23.9189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.3.849","article-title":"Simultaneous production of IL\u20102, IL\u20104, and IFN\u2010gamma by activated human CD4 +and CD8+ T cell clones","volume":"141","author":"Paliard X.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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