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Vitamin A supplementation was established in the 1980s as one of the most successful interventions in the developing world. Understanding how vitamin A controls immunity will help curb the mortality and morbidity associated with vitamin A deficiency and exploit the immune\u2010enhancing capacity of vitamin A to heighten host resistance to infectious disease. The discoveries that retinoic acid (RA) imprints the homing of leukocytes to the gut and enhances the induction of regulatory T\u00a0cells, highlighted a potential role for RA in mucosal tolerance. However, more recently emerging data tell of a more profound systemic impact of RA on leukocyte function and commitment. In animal models using genetic manipulation of RA signaling, we learned when and how RA controls T cell fate. Here, we review the role for RA as a critical checkpoint regulator in the differentiation of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u00a0cells within the immune system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T17:22:13Z","timestamp":1427217733000},"page":"1287-1295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Seeing through the dark: New insights into the immune regulatory functions of vitamin A"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Chrysothemis C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology Kings College London  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randolph J.","family":"Noelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at 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