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The most common forms of aspergillosis are allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> also plays an important role in fungal sensitized asthma. Humans inhale <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> spores every day and when the host is immunocompromised, <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> spp. may cause severe pulmonary disease. There is increasing evidence that the microbiome plays a significant role in immune regulation, chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolism, and other physiological processes, including recovery from the effects of antibiotic treatment. Bacterial microbiome mediated resistance mechanisms probably play a major role in limiting fungal colonization of the lungs, and may therefore prevent humans from contracting <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\u2010related diseases. In this perspective, we review this emerging area of research and discuss the role of the microbiome in aspergillosis, role of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> in the microbiome, and the influence of the microbiome on anti\u2010<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> host defense and its role in preventing aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T09:37:17Z","timestamp":1411637837000},"page":"3156-3165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The potential impact of the pulmonary microbiome on immunopathogenesis of <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\u2010related lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Kolwijck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank 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