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Murdock Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Superinfection in mice at day 7 postinfluenza infection exacerbates bacterial pneumonia at least in part via downstream effects of increased IFN\u2010\u03b3\u00a0signaling. Here we show that up to 3 days postinfluenza infection, mice have reduced susceptibility to superinfection with methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), but that superinfection during that time exacerbated influenza disease. This was due to IL\u201013 signaling that was advantageous for resolving MRSA infection via inhibition of IFN\u2010\u03b3, but was detrimental to the clearance of influenza virus. However, if superinfection did not occur until the near resolution of influenza infection (day 7), IL\u201013 signaling was inhibited, at least in part by upregulation of IL\u201013 decoy receptor (IL\u201013R\u03b12), which in turn caused increases in IFN\u2010\u03b3 signaling and exacerbation of bacterial infection. Understanding these cytokine sequelae is critical to development of immunotherapies for influenza\u2010MRSA coinfection since perturbations of these sequelae at the wrong time could increase susceptibility to MRSA and\/or influenza.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T00:44:55Z","timestamp":1407199495000},"page":"3263-3272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Regulation of IFN\u2010\u03b3 by IL\u201013 dictates susceptibility to secondary postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Rynda\u2010Apple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Harmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anfin S.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachelle V.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Richert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen G.","family":"Harmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University  Bozeman MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Post\u2010influenza pneumonia: everything old is new again","volume":"93","author":"Irizarry\u2010Acosta M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. 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