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During infection, DCs recognise pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including the Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) family. TLRs mainly signal via the adaptor protein MyD88. This signalling pathway is required for immune protection during many infections, which are lethal in the absence of MyD88. However, the cell type specific importance of this pathway during both innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens in vivo remains ill\u2010defined. We discuss recent findings from conditional KO or gain\u2010of\u2010function mouse models targeting TLR\/MyD88 signalling pathways in DCs and other myeloid cells during infection. While the general assumption that MyD88\u2010dependent recognition by DCs is essential for inducing protective immunity holds true in some instances, the results surprisingly indicate a much more complex context\u2010dependent requirement for this pathway in DCs and other myeloid or lymphoid cell\u2010types in vivo. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages of Cre\u2010mediated DC targeting approaches and their possible limitations. We also present future perspectives on the development of new genetic mouse models to target distinct DC subsets in vivo. Such models will serve to understand the functional heterogeneity of DCs in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,18]],"date-time":"2014-11-18T02:41:51Z","timestamp":1416278511000},"page":"32-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Dendritic cell specific targeting of MyD88 signalling pathways in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Catharina","family":"Arnold\u2010Schrauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Immunology TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI)  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Berod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Immunology TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection 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