{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1787244323793,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Reports of spontaneous acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remissions following severe bacterial infections suggest that bacterial components may trigger elimination of ALL. To date, TLR2, which recognizes a broad range of bacterial pathogens through TLR1 or TLR6 heterodimerization, has not been fully evaluated for direct effects on ALL. Studies investigating TLR2 signaling in other tumor cell types utilizing single ligands have yielded contradictory results, and comparative, heterodimer\u2010specific analyses of TLR2 stimulation are lacking. In this study, we report that two well\u2010characterized heterodimer\u2010specific TLR2 ligands, Pam\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    CSK\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (TLR2\/1), and Pam\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CSK\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (TLR2\/6), induce ALL cell lines and primary ALL samples to upregulate CD40 expression. However, only Pam\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    CSK\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    triggers Caspase\u20108\u2010mediated apoptosis and sensitizes cells to vincristine\u2010mediated cytotoxicity. Consistent with this result, stimulation of ALL cells through TLR2\/1 or TLR2\/6 activates Mal, p38 and the NF\u2010\u03baB and PI3K signaling pathways with divergent kinetics that may underlie their distinct downstream effects. Our results reveal a novel branching in downstream responses to heterodimer\u2010specific TLR2 stimulation in ALL cells and emphasize the need for comparative studies to determine differential biological effects observed in specific tumor cells. Based on our results, TLR2\/1 ligand Pam\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    CSK\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    possesses potential for generating anti\u2010ALL activity through its direct effects on leukemic blasts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T06:18:46Z","timestamp":1428905926000},"page":"1980-1990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Heterodimer\u2010specific TLR2 stimulation results in divergent functional outcomes in B\u2010cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Rolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute and Division of Pediatric Hem\/Onc\/BMT Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Kariminia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute and Division of Pediatric Hem\/Onc\/BMT Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ivison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute and Division of Pediatric Hem\/Onc\/BMT Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor S.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute and Division of Pediatric Hem\/Onc\/BMT Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk R.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute and Division of Pediatric Hem\/Onc\/BMT Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.20696"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1012501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v28.i2.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387664-5.00003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-012-0213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.25238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-003-0741-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e31818ab30c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195305)6:3<591::AID-CNCR2820060317>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of concurrent infections and their toxins on the course of leukemia","volume":"338","author":"Pelner L.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acta Med. 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