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However, their functional role during fungal infection is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Treg cells during experimental murine pulmonary <jats:italic>C.\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> infection. We show that the number of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells in the lung increases significantly within the first 4 weeks after intranasal infection of BALB\/c wild\u2010type mice. To define the function of Treg cells we used DEREG mice allowing selective depletion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells by application of diphtheria toxin. In Treg cell\u2010depleted mice, stronger pulmonary allergic inflammation with enhanced mucus production and pronounced eosinophilia, increased IgE production, and elevated fungal lung burden were found. This was accompanied by higher frequencies of GATA\u20103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T helper (Th) 2 cells with elevated capacity to produce interleukin (IL)\u20104, IL\u20105, and IL\u201013. In contrast, only a mild increase in the Th1\u2010associated immune response unrelated to the fungal infection was observed. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that during fungal infection pulmonary Treg cells are induced and preferentially suppress Th2 cells thereby mediating enhanced fungal control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T11:36:55Z","timestamp":1409830615000},"page":"3596-3604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["CD4<sup>+<\/sup>FoxP3<sup>+<\/sup> regulatory T cells suppress fatal T helper 2 cell immunity during pulmonary fungal infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Schulze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology\/Molecular Pathogenesis Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Piehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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