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Previously we reported that Bcl\u20103 was critical for host resistance to <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. Bcl\u20103\u2010deficient mice succumbed within 3\u20135 weeks after infection, correlating with an apparently impaired Th1\u2010type adaptive immune response. However in which cell type(s) Bcl\u20103 functioned to assure resistance remained unknown. We now show that Bcl\u20103 expression in dendritic cells is required to generate a protective Th1\u2010type immune response and confer resistance to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. Surprisingly, mice lacking Bcl\u20103 in dendritic cells were as susceptible as mice globally deficient for Bcl\u20103. Furthermore, early innate defenses were not compromised by the absence of Bcl\u20103, as initial production of IL\u201012 by dendritic cells and IFN\u2010\u03b3 by NK cells were preserved. However, subsequent production of IFN\u2010\u03b3 by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells was compromised when dendritic cells lacked Bcl\u20103, and these mice succumbed at a time when T\u2010cell\u2010mediated IFN\u2010\u03b3 production was essential for host resistance. These findings demonstrate that Bcl\u20103 is required in dendritic cells to prime protective T\u2010cell\u2010mediated immunity to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T10:23:37Z","timestamp":1429266217000},"page":"1972-1979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adaptive immune\u2010mediated host resistance to <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> is governed by the NF\u2010\u03baB regulator Bcl\u20103 in dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefania","family":"Claudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanhu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye\u2010lin","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"Saret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Siebenlist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-11-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90347-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-10-152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80291-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.6.2533","article-title":"Parasite\u2010induced IL\u201012 stimulates early IFN\u2010gamma synthesis and resistance during acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"153","author":"Gazzinelli R. 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