{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:45:38Z","timestamp":1791287138701,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SKA-2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKA-2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SKA 2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKA 2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG","award":["CRC974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC974"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG","award":["CRC\/TRR60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC\/TRR60"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG","award":["LA1419\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA1419\/5-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute or chronic viral infections can lead to generalized immunosuppression. Several mechanisms, such as immunopathology of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, inhibitory receptors, or regulatory T (Treg) cells, contribute to immune dysfunction. Moreover, patients with chronic viral infections usually do not respond to vaccination, a finding that has not been previously explained. Recently, we reported that CD169<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages enforce viral replication, which is essential for guaranteeing antigen synthesis and efficient adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we used a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection mouse model to determine whether this mechanism is affected by chronic viral infection, which may impair the activation of adaptive immunity. We found that enforced viral replication of a superinfecting virus is completely blunted in chronically infected mice. This absence of enforced viral replication in CD169<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages is not explained by CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell\u2010mediated immunopathology but rather by prolonged IFN\u2010I responses. Consequently, the absence of viral replication impairs both antigen production and the adaptive immune response against the superinfecting virus. These findings indicate that chronic infection leads to sustained IFN\u2010I action, which is responsible for the absence of an antiviral immune response against a secondary viral infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T08:27:07Z","timestamp":1446020827000},"page":"372-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Immunoactivation induced by chronic viral infection inhibits viral replication and drives immunosuppression through sustained IFN\u2010I responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"Honke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Medical Faculty University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf 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