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In this study, we addressed the role of inflammation\u2010induced MHCII expression by cardiac nonhematopoietic cells on EAM development. EAM was induced in susceptible mice lacking inducible expression of MHCII molecules on all nonhematopoietic cells (pIV\u2212\/\u2212 K14 class II transactivator (CIITA) transgenic (Tg) mice) by immunization with \u03b1\u2010myosin heavy chain peptide in CFA. Lack of inducible nonhematopoietic MHCII expression in pIV\u2212\/\u2212 K14 CIITA Tg mice conferred EAM resistance. In contrast, cardiac pathology was induced in WT and heterozygous mice, and correlated with elevated cardiac endothelial MHCII expression. Control mice with myocarditis displayed an increase in infiltrating CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and in expression of IFN\u2010\u03b3, which is the major driver of nonhematopoietic MHCII expression. Mechanistically, IFN\u2010\u03b3 neutralization in WT mice shortly before disease onset resulted in reduced cardiac MHCII expression and pathology. These findings reveal a previously overlooked contribution of IFN\u2010\u03b3 to induce endothelial MHCII expression in the heart and to progress cardiac pathology during myocarditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T09:48:42Z","timestamp":1448963322000},"page":"656-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Absence of nonhematopoietic MHC class II expression protects mice from experimental autoimmune myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Thelemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, CIIL University of Lausanne  Epalinges Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, CIIL University of Lausanne  Epalinges Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Blyszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardioimmunology Centre of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich  Schlieren Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Kania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Z\u00fcrich  Schlieren Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, CIIL University of Lausanne  Epalinges Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardioimmunology Centre of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich  Schlieren Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Rotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology CHUV, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Reith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Acha\u2010Orbea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, CIIL University of Lausanne  Epalinges Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011093431908"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.7.2141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.11.3630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm960"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147538.92263.3A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.213157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.19.9131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1708"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(90)90140-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/12.suppl_D.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2006.01430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Effect of Astragulas membranaceus on natural killer cell activity and induction of alpha\u2010 and gamma\u2010interferon in patients with Coxsackie B viral myocarditis","volume":"103","author":"Yang Y. 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