{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:04:24Z","timestamp":1792782264640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis (TB), although its role in the TB\u2010induced responses in latent TB (LTB) is not well understood. Since Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses are important in immunity to LTB, we postulated that coincident DM could alter the function of these CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell subsets. To this end, we examined mycobacteria\u2010induced immune responses in the whole blood of individuals with LTB\u2010DM and compared them with responses of individuals without DM (LTB\u2010NDM). T\u2010cell responses from LTB\u2010DM are characterized by diminished frequencies of mono\u2010 and dual\u2010functional CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells at baseline and following stimulation with mycobacterial antigens\u2010purified protein derivative, early secreted antigen\u20106, and culture filtrate protein\u201010. This modulation was at least partially dependent on IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010\u03b2, since neutralization of either cytokine resulted in significantly increased frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells but not Th17 cells in LTB\u2010DM but not LTB individuals. LTB\u2010DM is therefore characterized by diminished frequencies of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, indicating that DM alters the immune response in latent TB leading to a suboptimal induction of protective CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell responses, thereby providing a potential mechanism for increased susceptibility to active disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]],"date-time":"2015-10-31T05:35:12Z","timestamp":1446269712000},"page":"390-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Coincident diabetes mellitus modulates Th1\u2010, Th2\u2010, and Th17\u2010cell responses in latent tuberculosis in an IL\u201010\u2010 and TGF\u2010\u03b2\u2010dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nathella Pavan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014NIRT\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadar","family":"Moideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014NIRT\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parakkal Jovvian","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014NIRT\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrakumar","family":"Dolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014NIRT\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70282-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0503","article-title":"The looming epidemic of diabetes\u2010associated tuberculosis: learning lessons from HIV\u2010associated tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"Harries A. 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