{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:10:49Z","timestamp":1791846649072,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophils are an abundant cell type in many chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, their contribution to the pathology of RA has not been widely studied. A key cytokine involved in neutrophil development and function is granulocyte\u2010colony stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF). In this study we used the K\/BxN serum\u2010transfer arthritis (STA) model, mimicking the effector phase of RA, to investigate the importance of G\u2010CSF in arthritis development and its relation to neutrophils. Here, we show for the first time in this model that G\u2010CSF levels are increased both in the serum and in inflamed paws of arthritic mice and importantly that G\u2010CSF blockade leads to a profound reduction in arthritis severity, as well as reduced numbers of neutrophils in blood. Moreover, CXCL1 and CXCL2 levels in the arthritic joints were also lowered. Our data demonstrate that G\u2010CSF is a pivotal driver of the disease progression in the K\/BxN STA model and possibly acts in part by regulating neutrophil numbers in the circulation. Therefore, our findings suggest that G\u2010CSF might be a suitable target in RA, and perhaps in other immune complex\u2010driven pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T11:47:26Z","timestamp":1454672846000},"page":"1235-1245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) plays an important role in immune complex\u2010mediated arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Anne D.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"633","article-title":"Influence of low doses of methotrexate on superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Laurindo I. 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