{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:23:15Z","timestamp":1777666995672,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008510","name":"University of Maryland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AI115086A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI115086A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extrapulmonary dissemination of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>) is one of the most critical steps in the development of meningoencephalitis. Here, we report that clearance of the disseminating <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> occurs within the brain microvasculature. Interestingly, the efficiency of the intravascular clearance in the brain is reduced compared to that in the lung. Intravascular clearance is mainly mediated by neutrophils, and complement C5a receptor signaling is crucial for mediating neutrophil recruitment in the vasculature. <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> stimulated actin polymerization of neutrophils is critically involved in their recruitment to the lung, which is associated with the unique vascular structure detected in the lung. The relatively lower efficiency of fungal clearance in the brain vasculature correlates with less efficient recruitment of neutrophils. Accordingly, intravascular clearance of <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> in the brain could be remarkably improved by increasing the recruitment of neutrophils. We conclude that neutrophils have the ability to eliminate <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> arrested in the vasculature. However, insufficient recruitment of neutrophils limited the optimal clearance of this microorganism in the brain. These results imply that a therapeutic strategy aimed at enhancing the accumulation of neutrophils could help prevent cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T04:44:01Z","timestamp":1461559441000},"page":"1704-1714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Intravascular clearance of disseminating <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> in the brain can be improved by enhancing neutrophil recruitment in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Donglei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingshun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongguan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.s1.205.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS\u2013100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell T. 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