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To date, VM cells have only been characterized in C57BL\/6 mice. Here, we assessed the cytokine requirements for VM cells in C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice. As reported previously, VM cells in C57BL\/6 mice rely mostly on IL\u201015 and marginally on IL\u20104. In stark contrast, VM cells in BALB\/c mice rely substantially on IL\u20104 and marginally on IL\u201015. Further, NKT cells are the likely source of IL\u20104, because CD1d\u2010deficient mice on a BALB\/c background have significantly fewer VM cells. Notably, this NKT\/IL\u20104 axis contributes to appropriate effector and memory T\u2010cell responses to infection in BALB\/c mice, but not in C57BL\/6 mice. However, the effects of IL\u20104 are manifest prior to, rather than during, infection. Thus, cytokine\u2010mediated control of the precursor population affects the development of virus\u2010specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell memory. Depending upon the genetic background, different cytokines encountered before infection may influence the subsequent ability to mount primary and memory anti\u2010viral CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T04:42:50Z","timestamp":1469508170000},"page":"2333-2339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["IL\u20104 and IL\u201015 promotion of virtual memory CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T\u00a0cells is determined by genetic background"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Pulak","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunobiology Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Research Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunobiology Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Research Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Sholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunobiology Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred D.","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunobiology Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Research Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Hildeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunobiology Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01598-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.2091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7538697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307572110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-251124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00093-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1948049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9672","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.12.9672-9678.1997","article-title":"Vaccination 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