{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:59:38Z","timestamp":1787061578539,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease at the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01A076199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01A076199"]}]},{"name":"THRASHER Research Fund and the Norwegian Cooperation for Higher Education","award":["NUFUPRO-2007\/10183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUFUPRO-2007\/10183"]}]},{"name":"South African DST\/NRF Research Chair Initiative (SARChI) for TB Biomarkers"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Increased disease susceptibility during early life has been linked to immune immaturity, regulatory T\u2010cell\/TH2 immune biasing and hyporesponsiveness. The contribution of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) remains uninvestigated. Here, we assessed peripheral MDSC in HIV\u2010infected and \u2010uninfected children with tuberculosis (TB) disease before, during and after TB treatment, along with matched household contacts (HHCs), HIV\u2010exposed, \u2010infected and \u2010uninfected children without recent TB exposure. Serum analytes and enzymes associated with MDSC accumulation\/activation\/function were measured by colorimetric\u2010 and fluorescence arrays. Peripheral frequencies of cells phenotypically resembling MDSCs were significantly increased in HIV\u2010exposed uninfected (HEU) and\n                    <jats:italic>M.tb<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected children, but peaked in children with TB disease and remained high following treatment. MDSC in HIV\u2010infected (HI) children were similar to unexposed uninfected controls; however, HAART\u2010mediated MDSC restoration to control levels could not be disregarded. Increased MDSC frequencies in HHC coincided with enhanced indoleamine\u2010pyrrole\u20102,3\u2010dioxygenase (IDO), whereas increased MDSC in TB cases were linked to heightened IDO and arginase\u20101. Increased MDSC were paralleled by reduced plasma IP\u201010 and thrombospondin\u20102 levels in HEU and significantly increased plasma IL\u20106 in HI HHC. Current investigations into MDSC\u2010targeted treatment strategies, together with functional analyses of MDSCs, could endorse these cells as novel innate immune regulatory mechanism of infant HIV\/TB susceptibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T05:27:58Z","timestamp":1478582878000},"page":"107-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Phenotypically resembling myeloid derived suppressor cells are increased in children with HIV and exposed\/infected with\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nelita","family":"Du Plessis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences\/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research\/DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruschca","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences\/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research\/DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gutschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences\/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research\/DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences\/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research\/DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences\/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research\/DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred B.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunobiology University of W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke C.","family":"Hesseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Faculty of Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Walzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Department of Biomedical Sciences\/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research\/DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Danzhen Y. 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