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Dendritic cell (DC) activation via CD40 ligand (CD40L)\u2010CD40 signaling by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells induces protective immunity against the blood\u2010stage <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic> XAT (<jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>XAT) parasites in mice. However, it is unknown which \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell subset has an effector role and is required to control the <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infection. Here, using antibodies to deplete TCR V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, we saw that V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were important for the control of <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>XAT infection. Splenic V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells preferentially expand and express CD40L, and both V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and V\u03b34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells produce IFN\u2010\u03b3 during infection. Although expression of CD40L on V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells is maintained during infection, the IFN\u2010\u03b3 positivity of V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells is reduced in late\u2010phase infection due to \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell dysfunction. In <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected IFN\u2010\u03b3 signaling\u2010deficient mice, DC activation is reduced, resulting in the suppression of \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell dysfunction and the dampening of \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell expansion in the late phase of infection. Our data suggest that V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells represent a major subset responding to <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>XAT infection and that the V\u03b31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell response is dependent on IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010activated DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T05:32:20Z","timestamp":1482643940000},"page":"685-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Preferentially expanding V\u03b31<sup>+<\/sup> \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are associated with protective immunity against <i>Plasmodium<\/i> infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Shin\u2010Ichi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Niikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Asahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Iwakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Sciences Tokyo University of Science  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology School of Life and Environmental Science Azabu University  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumie","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1994.1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524013363627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.2.550","article-title":"A role for \u03b3\u03b4 T cells during experimental infection of mice with Leishmania major","volume":"150","author":"Rosat J. 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