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Anti\u2010neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies are probably the initial cause of the inflammatory process that leads to the typical necrotizing lesions. In this issue of the <jats:italic>European Journal of Immunology<\/jats:italic>, Szczeklik et\u00a0al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 724\u2013733] report some interesting findings on the possible involvement of T\u2010cell subsets in the pathogenesis of the disease. This prospective study, performed on a large cohort of patients, identifies Th17 lymphocytes as the possible pathogenic subset of GPA, and Treg cells as the possible suppressors of the inflammatory process. These two subsets in peripheral blood could be used as cellular biomarkers of disease activity, and this would result particularly useful in the follow\u2010up of patients once the immunosuppressive treatment has been initiated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201746986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T12:48:08Z","timestamp":1491569288000},"page":"633-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Th17 and Treg lymphocytes as cellular biomarkers of disease activity in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cosmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2015.0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806233182504"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.11.2263.2263"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2016.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007010090"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0632-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646810"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24576"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22693"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080397"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","article-title":"Environmental factor and inflammation\u2010driven alteration of the total peripheral T\u2010cell compartment in granulomatosis with polyangiitis","author":"Kerstein A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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