{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T16:22:33Z","timestamp":1774887753244,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR 130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR 130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue in the presence of circulating antibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction. Most patients have a good prognosis, but some are refractory to standard\u2010of\u2010care immunosuppressive treatment and suffer from recurrent myasthenic crises. Functional sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate (S1P) antagonists like fingolimod and siponimod (BAF312) are successfully used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and fingolimod was shown to prevent the development of myasthenic symptoms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), the standard model of MG. Here, we investigated whether fingolimod or siponimod improves outcome in EAMG mice when administered after disease onset, modeling the clinical setting in human MG. Both S1P antagonists inhibited lymphocyte egress, resulting in peripheral lymphopenia. After stimulation, there were differences in T\u2010cell responses, but no change in either antibody titers or total or antigen\u2010specific plasma cell populations after treatment. Most importantly, disease incidence and severity were not influenced by fingolimod or siponimod therapy. Although fingolimod and siponimod did lead to subtle changes in T\u2010cell responses, they had no significant effect on antibody titers and disease severity. In conclusion, our data show no evidence of a therapeutic potential for S1P receptor antagonists in MG treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T11:38:22Z","timestamp":1512473902000},"page":"498-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["S1P receptor antagonists fingolimod and siponimod do not improve the outcome of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis mice after disease onset"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7111-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Pelz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Schaffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radharani","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Hiepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Meisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00374-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01419-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.03.428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000161220.87548.EE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"The latest innovations in the drug pipeline for multiple Sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Radick L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. 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