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B cells have emerged as important cytokine\u2010producing cells, and cytokines are well\u2010known drivers of RA pathogenesis. To identify novel cytokine\u2010mediated B\u2010cell functions in RA, we comprehensively analysed the capacity of B cells from RA patients with an inadequate response to disease modifying anti\u2010rheumatic drugs to produce cytokines in comparison with healthy donors (HD). RA B cells displayed a constitutively higher production of the pathogenic factors interleukin (IL)\u20108 and Gro\u2010\u03b1, while their production of several cytokines upon activation via the B cell receptor for antigen (BCR) was broadly suppressed, including a loss of the expression of the protective factor TRAIL, compared to HD B cells. These defects were partly erased after treatment with the IL\u20106\u2010signalling inhibitor tocilizumab, indicating that abnormal IL\u20106 signalling contributed to these abnormalities. Noteworthy, the clinical response of individual patients to tocilizumab therapy could be predicted using the amounts of MIP\u20101\u03b2 and \u03b2\u2010NGF produced by these patients\u2019 B cells before treatment. Taken together, our study highlights hitherto unknown abnormal B\u2010cell functions in RA patients, which are related to the unbalanced cytokine network, and are potentially relevant for RA pathogenesis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T15:11:12Z","timestamp":1504019472000},"page":"194-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anti\u2010interleukin\u20106 signalling therapy rebalances the disrupted cytokine production of B cells from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CC12, Department Medicine\/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Deutsches Rheuma\u2010Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ) a Leibniz Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Ries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Rheuma\u2010Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ) a Leibniz Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Rheuma\u2010Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ) a Leibniz Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix","family":"Lheritier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur  Inria France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Cazals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur  Inria France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd. 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