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Histones deacetylases (HDACs) negatively regulate gene expression through the formation of complexes containing transcription factors such as NF\u2010\u03baB p50\/50. Herein, we demonstrated the occupancy of p50\/p50_HDAC1 to iNOS promoter associated with reduced levels of H3K9Ac. Remarkably, we found increased levels of HDAC1 in <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected macrophages. HDAC1 upregulation was not found in <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected macrophages. The parasite intracellular load was reduced in HDAC1 knocked\u2010down macrophages, which presented increased nitric oxide levels. HDAC1 silencing led to the occupancy of CBP\/p300 to iNOS promoter and the rise of H3K9Ac modification. Importantly, the immunostaining of skin samples from hiporeactive cutaneous leishmaniasis patients infected with <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>, revealed high levels of HDAC1. In brief, <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic> induces HDAC1 in infected macrophages, which contribute to parasite survival and is associated to hiporeactive stage found in <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic> infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T11:08:47Z","timestamp":1523531327000},"page":"1188-1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["<i>Leishmania amazonensis<\/i> downregulates macrophage iNOS expression via Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1): a novel parasite evasion mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Teresa C.","family":"Calegari\u2010Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Parasitologia Molecular Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho  CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1islan C.","family":"Vivarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Parasitologia Molecular Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho  CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata de M. 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