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We have previously reported that depletion of neutrophils improves the production of mucosal IgA after sublingual immunization with <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic> edema toxin as adjuvant. These past studies also demonstrated that an inverse correlation exists between the number of neutrophils and production of IgA by B cells. Using specific inhibitors of elastase, we addressed whether the elastase activity of neutrophil could be the factor that interferes with production of IgA and possibly other immunoglobulin isotypes. We found that murine splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells cultured for 5 days in the presence of neutrophil elastase inhibitors secreted higher levels of IgG and IgA than cells cultured in the absence of inhibitors. The effect of the inhibitors was dose\u2010dependent and was consistent with increased frequency of CD138<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells expressing IgG or IgA. Finally, neutrophil elastase inhibitors increased transcription of mRNA for AID, IL\u201010, BAFF and APRIL, factors involved in B cell differentiation. These findings identify inhibitors of elastase as potential adjuvants for increasing production of antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T23:54:49Z","timestamp":1525132489000},"page":"1295-1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inhibitors of elastase stimulate murine B lymphocyte differentiation into IgG\u2010 and IgA\u2010producing cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Zayed","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences The Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases University of Sadat City  Sadat City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary 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