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The aim of this work was to analyze whether the presence of ACPAs in SF is associated with neutrophil infiltration and with their phenotype in the inflamed joints of RA patients. We found that in the presence of ACPAs, the number of synovial neutrophils correlated with severe disease activity. The SF were divided according to synovial ACPA levels in negative\u2010 (&lt;25 U\/mL), low\u2010 (25\u2013200 U\/mL) and high level (\u02c3200 U\/mL; ACPA<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>). We observed that IL\u20106, IL\u201017, and IL\u20108 were significantly elevated in ACPA<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>SF and that IL\u20108 levels correlated positively with neutrophil counts and with worse clinical manifestations. Additionally, in vitro incubation of neutrophils with ACPA<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> SF resulted in an increased ROS production and extracellular DNA release compared to neutrophils incubated with ACPA\u2010negative SF. These exacerbated effector functions were associated with a fraction of ICAM\u20101\u2010positive neutrophils, which were induced by ACPA<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> SF. Likewise, in in vivo, we could also detect this subset among neutrophils present in ACPA<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> SF. In conclusion, the data presented here shed light on the role of SF\u2010ACPAs as inductors of a proinflammatory profile in neutrophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T17:25:58Z","timestamp":1528392358000},"page":"1563-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association between levels of synovial anti\u2010citrullinated peptide antibodies and neutrophil response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Carolina V.","family":"Gorlino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (IMIBIO\u2010SL)  San Luis Argentina"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional de San Luis Facultad de Qu\u00edmica Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacia  San 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