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Although phagocytes are known to be involved in the response to this infection, the role of neutrophils is not entirely clear. Here, we have demonstrated that soon after LM infection, a large number of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing neutrophils quickly accumulated in the spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that neutrophils were an important source of IFN\u2010\u03b3. IFN\u2010\u03b3 played a critical protective role against acute LM infection, as demonstrated by the poor survival of <jats:italic>Ifng<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mice. Moreover, IFN\u2010\u03b3 promoted bacterial clearance by the neutrophils, thereby inhibiting LM\u2010induced neutrophil apoptosis and spleen damage. In addition to this, IFN\u2010\u03b3 could effectively drive macrophage\u2010mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which was accompanied with TGF\u2010\u03b2 secretion and was involved in protection against tissue injury. Importantly, by phagocytizing apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages obtained myeloperoxidase, an important bactericidal molecule only produced by neutrophils, which further promoted the antibacterial activity of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils are an important source of IFN\u2010\u03b3 at the early stage of LM infection, which is characterized by both LM elimination and tissue\u2010protective effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,23]],"date-time":"2018-06-23T16:00:26Z","timestamp":1529769626000},"page":"1470-1480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["IFN\u2010\u03b3 protects from apoptotic neutrophil\u2010mediated tissue injury during acute <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Guan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuju","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5106-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.146761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101721"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90163-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5297","article-title":"Impaired macrophage listericidal and cytokine activities are responsible for the rapid death of Listeria monocytogenes\u2010infected IFN\u2010gamma receptor\u2010deficient mice","volume":"158","author":"Dai W. 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