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Our understanding of the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of IBD has increased substantially; however, only scarce data exist regarding the role of commensal fungi in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and triggering IBD. <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>) is a member of the intestinal mycobiome and proposed to contribute to IBD pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the influence of the two morphologies of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>, yeast and hypha, on epithelial cells and T\u00a0cells from IBD patients versus healthy controls. We found that <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic> was recognized by both epithelial cells lines and T\u00a0cells. In the intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco\u20102, response to hypha was different than to yeast cells, and this was mimicked by synthetic \u03b2\u2010glucans and Pam3CSK4. Unstimulated T\u00a0cells exhibited increased activation and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine secretion upon exposure, while there was no effect on apoptosis or proliferation. In contrast, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\u2010challenged CD3\u2010stimulated T\u2010cells exhibited decreased activation, cytokine secretion, apoptosis, and proliferation, suggesting reciprocal responsiveness to <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>. Glycans alone did not mimic abovementioned influences on T\u00a0cells, suggesting alternative modes of recognition. In conclusion, we provide evidence for glycan dependent and independent recognition of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic> by epithelial cells and T\u00a0cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T14:04:55Z","timestamp":1534514695000},"page":"1826-1837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intestinal epithelial cells and T\u00a0cells differentially recognize and respond to <i>Candida albicans<\/i> yeast and hypha"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Schirbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charit\u00e9 Campus Mitte Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dror S.","family":"Shouval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Sheba Medical Center  Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Hebecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology Hans Knoell Institute  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology University of Aberdeen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Hube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology Hans Knoell Institute  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Friedrich Schiller University  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charit\u00e9 Campus Mitte Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend. 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