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The secretion of the DAMP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to be autophagy\u2010dependent. Here, we demonstrate that Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus, induces both cell death and autophagy in murine bone marrow\u2010derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which in turn confer the (cross\u2010)priming of OVA\u2010specific cytotoxic T\u00a0cells (OT\u2010I cells). Additionally, we show that MVA infection leads to increased extracellular ATP (eATP) as well as intracellular ATP (iATP) levels, with the latter being influenced by the autophagy. Furthermore, we show that the increased eATP supports the proliferation of OT\u2010I cells and inhibition of the P2RX7 receptors results in an abrogation of the proliferation. These data reveal novel mechanisms on how MVA enhances adaptive immunity in vaccine strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1538047006000},"page":"2042-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Immunogenic cell death of dendritic cells following modified vaccinia virus Ankara infection enhances CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cell proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kim A.","family":"Tappe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Hanover Medical School  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7390-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramachandramouli","family":"Budida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Hanover Medical School  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metodi V.","family":"Stankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Hanover Medical School  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Frenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Infection Research TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshit","family":"R. 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