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Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are persistently colonized with NTHi and occasionally suffer from exacerbations by the bacterium leading to increased morbidity. Elongation\u2010factor thermo unstable (EF\u2010Tu), a protein critical for bacterial protein synthesis, has been found to moonlight on the surface of several bacteria. Here, we show that antibodies against NTHi EF\u2010Tu were present in children already at 18 months of age, and that the IgG antibody titers increased with age. Children harboring NTHi in the nasopharynx also displayed significantly higher IgG concentrations. Interestingly, children suffering from AOM had significantly higher anti\u2010EF\u2010Tu IgG levels when NTHi was the causative agent. Human sera recognized mainly the central and C\u2010terminal part of the EF\u2010Tu molecule and peptide\u2010based epitope mapping confirmed similar binding patterns for sera from humans and immunized mice. Immunization of BALB\/c and otitis\u2010prone Junbo (C3H\/HeH) mice promoted lower infection rates in the nasopharynx and middle ear, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that IgG directed against NTHi EF\u2010Tu may play an important role in the host immune response against NTHi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T15:33:18Z","timestamp":1545233598000},"page":"490-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anti\u2010EF\u2010Tu IgG titers increase with age and may contribute to protection against the respiratory pathogen <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Oskar","family":"Thofte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology Rochester General Hospital Research Institute  Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ching","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Brant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit MRC Harwell Institute Harwell Science &amp; Innovation Campus  Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Riesbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00103-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00415-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1484286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.4.1231-1238.1991","article-title":"Distribution of protein D, an immunoglobulin D\u2010binding protein, in Haemophilus strains","volume":"59","author":"Akkoyunlu M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. 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