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The trachea contains different types of innate immune cells that protect the respiratory tract from pathogen invasion. Among them, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells have the ability to rapidly generate large amounts of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines to preserve mucosal barrier homeostasis during infection. However, little is known about their role during the early phase of influenza infection in the airways. In this study, we found that, early after infection, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are recruited and activated in the trachea and outnumber \u03b1\u03b2 T cells during the course of the influenza infection that follows. We also showed that the majority of the recruited \u03b3\u03b4 T cells express the V\u03b34 TCR chain and infiltrate in a process that involves the chemokine receptor CXCR3. In addition, we demonstrated that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells promote the recruitment of protective neutrophils and NK cells to the tracheal mucosa. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of the immune responses mediated by\u00a0\u03b3\u03b4\u00a0T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T22:46:42Z","timestamp":1574894802000},"page":"97-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Early production of IL\u201017A by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the trachea promotes viral clearance during influenza infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Palomino\u2010Segura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana via Vincenzo Vela 6  Bellinzona Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Latino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana via Vincenzo Vela 6  Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yagmur","family":"Farsakoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4166-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago F.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana via Vincenzo Vela 6  Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.4.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0506-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1097-1105.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.5.2837","article-title":"gammadelta T cells contribute to control of chronic parasitemia in Plasmodium chabaudi infections in mice","volume":"162","author":"Seixas E. 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