{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:41:05Z","timestamp":1781804465108,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEL\u201015\u2010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEL\u201015\u2010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) are found in elevated numbers in individuals exposed to malaria. A key question is whether malaria induces aMBCs as a result of exposure to Ag, or non\u2010Ag\u2010specific mechanisms. We identified\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and bystander tetanus toxoid (TT) specific B cells in individuals from areas of previous and persistent exposure to malaria using tetramers. Malaria\u2010specific B cells were more likely to be aMBCs than TT\u2010specific B cells. However, TT\u2010specific B cells from individuals with continuous exposure to malaria were more likely to be aMBCs than TT\u2010specific B cells in individuals from areas where transmission has ceased. Finally, sequences of BCRs specific for a blood stage malaria\u2010Ag were more highly mutated than sequences from TT\u2010specific BCRs and under strong negative selection, indicative of ongoing antigenic pressure. Our data suggest both persistent Ag exposure and the inflammatory environment shape the B\u2010cell response to malaria and bystander Ags.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]],"date-time":"2020-03-29T10:33:35Z","timestamp":1585478015000},"page":"1187-1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Malaria exposure drives both cognate and bystander human B cells to adopt an atypical phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Racheal","family":"Aye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast) Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University  Canberra 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