{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:39:28Z","timestamp":1786977568443,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pulmonary mucosal immune response is critical for preventing opportunistic\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus\u00a0fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. Although fungus\u2010specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u00a0cells in blood are described to reflect the actual host\u2013pathogen interaction status, little is known about\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific pulmonary T\u2010cell responses. Here, we exploit the domestic pig as human\u2010relevant large animal model and introduce antigen\u2010specific T\u2010cell enrichment in pigs to address\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific T\u00a0cells in the lung compared to peripheral blood. In healthy, environmentally\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010exposed pigs, the fungus\u2010specific T\u00a0cells are detectable in blood in similar frequencies as observed in healthy humans and exhibit a Th1 phenotype. Exposing pigs to 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    cfu\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    conidia induces a long\u2010lasting accumulation of\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific Th1 cells locally in the lung and also systemically. Temporary immunosuppression during\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010exposure showed a drastic reduction in the lung\u2010infiltrating antifungal T\u2010cell responses more than 2 weeks after abrogation of the suppressive treatment. This was reflected in blood, but to a much lesser extent. In conclusion, by using the human\u2010relevant large animal model the pig, this study highlights that the blood clearly reflects the mucosal fungal\u2010specific T\u2010cell reactivity in environmentally exposed as well as experimentally exposed healthy pigs. But, immunosuppression significantly impacts the mucosal site in contrast to the initial systemic immune response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T11:54:55Z","timestamp":1592567695000},"page":"1712-1728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The domestic pig as human\u2010relevant large animal model to study adaptive antifungal immune responses against airborne\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-4699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Kniemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Applied Microbiology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology\u2013Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute (HKI)  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel A.","family":"Brakhage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Applied Microbiology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology\u2013Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute (HKI)  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"L\u00f6ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Institute for Microbiology Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Seif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Institute for Microbiology Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Institute for Microbiology Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Scharek\u2010Tedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Scheffold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik &amp; Poliklinik II Universit\u00e4tsklinikum W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik &amp; Poliklinik II Universit\u00e4tsklinikum W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel and Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig\u2010Holstein  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja A.","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel and Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig\u2010Holstein  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health iPATH.Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"R\u00f6sler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology Centre for Infection Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00014-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0229-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1235LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Animal models of Aspergillosis","volume":"68","author":"Desoubeaux G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comp. 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