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Studies suggest that UDCA enhances NF erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (NFE2L2) expression and that the interaction between IFN\u2010\u03b3 and C\u2010X3\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) facilitates biliary inflammation in PBC. Therefore, we examined the effects of UDCA on the expression of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and CX3CL1 in in vitro and in vivo PBC models such as human liver tissue, a murine model, cell lines, and isolated human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IHBECs). We observed a significant decrease in IFN\u2010\u03b3 mRNA levels and positive correlations between IFN\u2010\u03b3 and CX3CL1 mRNA levels post\u2010UDCA treatment in PBC livers. NFE2L2\u2010mediated transcriptional activation was significantly enhanced in UDCA\u2010treated Jurkat cells. In 2\u2010octynoic acid\u2010immunized mice, IFN\u2010\u03b3 production by liver\u2010infiltrating T cells was dependent on NFE2L2 activation. IFN\u2010\u03b3 significantly and dose\u2010dependentlyinduced CX3CL1 expression, which was significantly decreased in HuCC\u2010T1 cells and IHBECs upon UDCA treatment. These results suggest that UDCA\u2010induced suppression of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and CX3CL1 production attenuates the chemotactic and adhesive abilities of liver\u2010infiltrating T cells in PBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T11:31:37Z","timestamp":1615548697000},"page":"1519-1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ursodeoxycholic acid impairs liver\u2010infiltrating T\u2010cell chemotaxis through IFN\u2010\u03b3 and CX3CL1 production in primary biliary cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Shin","family":"Shimoyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Division Department of Internal Medicine II Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Kawata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Division Department of Internal Medicine II Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Division Department of Internal Medicine II Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Virology and Parasitology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Chida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Division Department of Internal Medicine II Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Virology and Parasitology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Parasitology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tsuneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School  Tokushima Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Kurono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.C.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of California at Davis School of Medicine  Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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