{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:41:24Z","timestamp":1786977684046,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["341038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["341038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human ILCs are classically categorized into five subsets; cytotoxic CD127\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD94\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells and non\u2010cytotoxic CD127\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD94\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and LTi cells. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized subset within the CD127\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILC population, characterized by the expression of the cytotoxic marker CD94. These CD94\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILCs resemble conventional ILC3s in terms of phenotype, transcriptome, and cytokine production, but are highly cytotoxic. IL\u201015 was unable to induce differentiation of CD94\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILCs toward mature NK cells. Instead, CD94\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILCs retained ROR\u03b3t, CD127 and CD200R1 expression and produced IL\u201022 in response to IL\u201015. Culturing non\u2010cytotoxic ILC3s with IL\u201012 induced upregulation of CD94 and cytotoxic activity, effects that were not observed with IL\u201015 stimulation. Thus, human helper ILCs can acquire a cytotoxic program without differentiating into NK cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T17:21:02Z","timestamp":1607620862000},"page":"811-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Identification of human cytotoxic ILC3s"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lisette","family":"Krabbendam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Department of Experimental Immunology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection &amp; Immunity Institute (AI&amp;II) Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balthasar A","family":"Heesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Department of Experimental Immunology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection &amp; Immunity Institute (AI&amp;II) Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal M.A","family":"Kradolfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Department of Experimental Immunology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection &amp; Immunity Institute (AI&amp;II) Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hergen","family":"Spits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Department of Experimental Immunology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection &amp; Immunity Institute (AI&amp;II) Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochem H","family":"Bernink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Department of Experimental Immunology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection &amp; Immunity Institute (AI&amp;II) Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.2.678","article-title":"Human T4+ and T8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones directed at products of different class II major histocompatibility complex loci","volume":"131","author":"Spits H.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. 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