{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:47:10Z","timestamp":1790416030096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministero della Salute, Bando Ricerca COVID-19","award":["2020-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Studies on the interactions between SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and humoral immunity are fundamental to elaborate effective therapies including vaccines. We used polychromatic flow cytometry, coupled with unsupervised data analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), to interrogate B cells in untreated patients with COVID\u201019 pneumonia. COVID\u201019 patients displayed normal plasma levels of the main immunoglobulin classes, of antibodies against common antigens or against antigens present in common vaccines. However, we found a decreased number of total and na\u00efve B cells, along with decreased percentages and numbers of memory switched and unswitched B cells. On the contrary, IgM\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and IgM\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    plasmablasts were significantly increased. In vitro cell activation revealed that B lymphocytes showed a normal proliferation index and number of dividing cells per cycle. PCA indicated that B\u2010cell number, naive and memory B cells but not plasmablasts clustered with patients who were discharged, while plasma IgM level, C\u2010reactive protein, D\u2010dimer, and SOFA score with those who died. In patients with pneumonia, the derangement of the B\u2010cell compartment could be one of the causes of the immunological failure to control SARS\u2010Cov2, have a relevant influence on several pathways, organs and systems, and must be considered to develop vaccine strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T15:23:49Z","timestamp":1595604229000},"page":"1283-1294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID\u201019 patients with pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"De Biasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine  Modena 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