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We investigated the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in AS and how they are involved in the osteogenic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through interleukin\u201017A (IL\u201017A). Peripheral neutrophils and sera were obtained from patients with active AS and healthy controls. NET formation and neutrophil\/NET\u2010associated proteins were studied using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, qPCR, and ELISA. In vitro co\u2010culture systems of AS NET structures and MSCs isolated from controls were deployed to examine the role of NETs in the differentiation of MSCs toward osteogenic cells. Analysis was performed using specific staining and qPCR. Neutrophils from patients with AS were characterized by enhanced formation of NETs carrying bioactive IL\u201017A and IL\u20101\u03b2. IL\u201017A\u2010enriched AS NETs mediated the differentiation of MSCs toward bone\u2010forming cells. The neutrophil expression of IL\u201017A was positively regulated by IL\u20101\u03b2. Blocking IL\u20101\u03b2 signaling on neutrophils with anakinra or dismantling NETs using DNase\u2010I disrupted osteogenesis driven by IL\u201017A\u2010bearing NETs. These findings propose a novel role of neutrophils in AS\u2010related inflammation, linking IL\u201017A\u2010decorated NETs with the differentiation of MSCs toward bone\u2010forming cells. Moreover, IL\u20101\u03b2 triggers the expression of IL\u201017A on NETs offering an additional therapeutic target in AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T07:24:57Z","timestamp":1608362697000},"page":"930-942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["IL\u201017A expressed on neutrophil extracellular traps promotes mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward bone\u2010forming cells in ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos","family":"Papagoras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis Democritus University of Thrace  Alexandroupolis Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital 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