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Recently, we described TNFR2 as a marker for IL\u201010\u2010producing B cells, a hallmark of this cell subset. Here, we demonstrate that proliferation of T cells is reduced in the presence of TNFR2 positive human memory B cells generated with TLR9 ligand, while TNFR2\u2010 and TNFR2+CD27\u2010 B cells display costimulatory activity. Our data further reveal that IL\u201010 secretion is characteristic of IgM+ na\u00efve and memory B cells but suppressive activity is not restricted to IL\u201010: (i) the inhibitory effect of TNFR2+ switched memory B cells was comparable to that exerted by TNFR2+ IgM+ memory B cells although IL\u201010 secretion levels in the cocultures were lower; (ii) supernatants from TNFR2+ memory B cells failed to suppress T\u2010cell proliferation. Based on our findings, we propose that formation of Breg is a specific characteristic of human memory B cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Our data further corroborate that TNFR2 represents a viable marker for identification of memory B cells with regulatory function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T13:25:25Z","timestamp":1613827525000},"page":"1195-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["TNFR2 expression is a hallmark of human memory B cells with suppressive function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Ticha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Institut  Langen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Slanina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Institut  Langen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology St. Anne's 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