{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:40:16Z","timestamp":1790800816367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID\u201019, caused by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, has emerged as a global pandemic. While immune responses of the adaptive immune system have been in the focus of research, the role of NK cells in COVID\u201019 remains less well understood. Here, we characterized NK cell\u2010mediated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody\u2010dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike\u20101 (S1) and nucleocapsid (NC) protein. Serum samples from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 resolvers induced significant CD107a\u2010expression by NK cells in response to S1 and NC, while serum samples from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010negative individuals did not. Furthermore, serum samples from individuals that received the BNT162b2 vaccine induced strong CD107a expression by NK cells that increased with the second vaccination and was significantly higher than observed in infected individuals. As expected, vaccine\u2010induced responses were only directed against S1 and not against NC protein. S1\u2010specific CD107a responses by NK cells were significantly correlated to NK cell\u2010mediated killing of S1\u2010expressing cells. Interestingly, screening of serum samples collected prior to the COVID\u201019 pandemic identified two individuals with cross\u2010reactive antibodies against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 S1, which also induced degranulation of NK cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that antibodies induced by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccines can trigger significant NK cell\u2010mediated ADCC activity, and identify some cross\u2010reactive ADCC\u2010activity against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by endemic coronavirus\u2010specific antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T04:20:20Z","timestamp":1649823620000},"page":"1297-1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Natural killer cell\u2010mediated ADCC in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010infected individuals and vaccine recipients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7408-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerri","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9050-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristoffer","family":"Riecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy Department of Stem Cell Transplantation University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5113-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine J.","family":"Bunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"III. Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9780-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Fehse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy Department of Stem Cell Transplantation University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg\u2010L\u00fcbeck\u2010Borstel\u2010Riems  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedrich","family":"Koch\u2010Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2922-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics Institute of Medical Microbiology Virology and Hygiene University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Peine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Schulze zur Wiesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg\u2010L\u00fcbeck\u2010Borstel\u2010Riems  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases I. Department of Internal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas T.","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg\u2010L\u00fcbeck\u2010Borstel\u2010Riems  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases I. Department of Internal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marylyn M.","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg\u2010L\u00fcbeck\u2010Borstel\u2010Riems  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases I. Department of Internal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9468-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"L\u00fctgehetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics Institute of Medical Microbiology Virology and Hygiene University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Altfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg\u2010L\u00fcbeck\u2010Borstel\u2010Riems  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0402-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00522-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01194-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2814-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"eabg9175","article-title":"mRNA vaccination boosts cross\u2010variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection","volume":"9175","author":"Stamatatos L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science (80\u2010)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00573-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2025179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00301-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0359-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402244"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01457","article-title":"Influenza and antibody\u2010dependent cellular cytotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Von Holle T. 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