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Here, we show that in sera of 81 patients with chronic HCV, sCD137 levels did not correlate with measures of viral infection, and did not decline after virus eradication using direct\u2010acting antivirals. Thus, serum sCD137 was similar in patients infected with HCV and in uninfected controls. Of note, in HCV patients with liver cirrhosis and patients with mostly alcohol\u2010associated liver cirrhosis, sCD137 was increased. A negative association of sCD137 and albumin existed in both cohorts. sCD137 concentrations were similar in hepatic and portal vein blood excluding the liver as the origin of higher levels. Recombinant sCD137 reduced Th1 and Th2 but not Th17 cell polarization in vitro, and accordingly lowered IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF, and IL\u201013 in cell media. Serum sCD137 is associated with inflammatory states, and positively correlated with serum TNF in cirrhotic HCV patients following virus eradication. Our study argues against a role of sCD137 in HCV infection and suggests a function of sCD137 in liver cirrhosis, which yet has to be defined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T09:41:18Z","timestamp":1639647678000},"page":"633-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Soluble CD137 is a novel serum marker of liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C and alcohol\u2010associated disease etiology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kilian","family":"Weigand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Peschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Regensburg  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