{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:11:17Z","timestamp":1774685477627,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Most subjects develop antibodies to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 following infection. In order to estimate the duration of immunity induced by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 it is important to understand for how long antibodies persist after infection in humans. Here, we assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following WT SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection at 8 and 13 months after diagnosis in 367 individuals. The SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike IgG (S\u2010IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG (N\u2010IgG) concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were assessed. Moreover, the NAb titers among a smaller subset of participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 78) against a WT virus (B) and variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2) were determined. We found that NAb against the WT virus persisted in 89% and S\u2010IgG in 97% of subjects for at least 13 months after infection. Only 36% had N\u2010IgG by 13 months. The mean S\u2010IgG concentrations declined from 8 to 13 months by less than one third; N\u2010IgG concentrations declined by two\u2010thirds. Subjects with severe infection had markedly higher IgG and NAb levels and are expected to remain seropositive for longer. Significantly lower NAb titers against the variants compared to the WT virus, especially after a mild disease, suggests reduced protection against VOCs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T01:42:57Z","timestamp":1632793377000},"page":"3202-3213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"Haveri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Solastie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Virta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"\u00d6sterlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Isosaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Welfare Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Nohynek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arto A","family":"Palmu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Welfare Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merit","family":"Melin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki 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Bentley E. M. Hassall M. Routley S. Richardson S. Bernasconi V. Kristiansen P.et\u00a0al. Establishment of the WHO International Standard and Reference Panel for anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody. WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. 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