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However, less is known about the effects of this interaction on T cells. To explore the consequences of interaction of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells with ASM we placed the cells in co\u2010culture and analyzed the phenotypic and functional changes in the T cells. Effector status as well as cytokine expression was assessed by flow cytometry. An increase in CD45RA\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD45RO\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory T cells was observed after co\u2010culture; however, these cells were not more responsive to CD3\/28 restimulation. A reduction in mitochondrial coupling and an increase in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells post\u2010restimulation suggested altered mitochondrial metabolism after co\u2010culture. RNA sequencing analysis of the T cells revealed characteristic downregulation of effector T\u2010cell\u2010associated genes, but a lack of upregulation of memory T\u2010cell\u2010associated genes. The results of this study demonstrate that ASM cells can induce a phenotypic shift in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells into memory\u2010like T cells but with reduced capacity for activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T07:09:49Z","timestamp":1707462589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Induction of a memory\u2010like CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T\u2010cell phenotype by airway smooth muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce H.","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins\u2010Christie Laboratories McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec 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