{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T17:07:29Z","timestamp":1758820049061,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873689","32070862","82173396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873689","32070862","82173396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human nasal mucosa is susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection and serves as a reservoir for viral replication before spreading to other organs (e.g. the lung and brain) and transmission to other individuals. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common respiratory tract disease and there is evidence suggesting that susceptibility to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection differs between the two known subtypes, eosinophilic CRS and non\u2010ECRS (NECRS). However, the mechanism of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in the human nasal mucosa and its association with CRS has not been experimentally validated. In this study, we investigated whether the human nasal mucosa is susceptible to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and how different endotypes of CRS impact on viral infection and progression. Primary human nasal mucosa tissue culture revealed highly efficient SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 viral infection and production, with particularly high susceptibility in the NECRS group. The gene expression differences suggested that human nasal mucosa is highly susceptible to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, presumably due to an increase in ACE2\u2010expressing cells and a deficiency in antiviral immune response, especially for NECRS. Importantly, patients with NECRS may be at a particularly high risk of viral infection and transmission, and therefore, close monitoring should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T08:30:20Z","timestamp":1651912220000},"page":"1308-1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential susceptibility to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in the normal nasal mucosa and in chronic sinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  389 Xincun Road, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 P. R. China"},{"name":"Fundamental Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital School of Medicine, Tongji University  2209 Guangxing Road, Songjiang District Shanghai 200092 P. R. China"},{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine Shanghai University  881 Yonghe Road Nantong Jiangsu 226001 P. R. China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine Shanghai University  99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of microbiology Second Military Medical University  800 Xiangyin Road, Wujiaochang Town, Yangpu District Shanghai 200433 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  389 Xincun Road, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of microbiology Second Military Medical University  800 Xiangyin Road, Wujiaochang Town, Yangpu District Shanghai 200433 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liefu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinyang Vocational and Technical College  48 Twenty\u2010fourth Street Xinyang Henan 464000 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengkai","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital School of Medicine, Tongji University  2209 Guangxing Road, Songjiang District Shanghai 200092 P. R. China"},{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine Shanghai University  881 Yonghe Road Nantong Jiangsu 226001 P. R. China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine Shanghai University  99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200092 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  389 Xincun Road, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zimu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  389 Xincun Road, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  389 Xincun Road, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District Shanghai 200092 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of microbiology Second Military Medical University  800 Xiangyin Road, Wujiaochang Town, Yangpu District Shanghai 200433 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengliang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital School of Medicine, Tongji University  2209 Guangxing Road, Songjiang District Shanghai 200092 P. R. China"},{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine Shanghai University  881 Yonghe Road Nantong Jiangsu 226001 P. R. China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine Shanghai University  99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China"},{"name":"Xinyang Vocational and Technical College  48 Twenty\u2010fourth Street Xinyang Henan 464000 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoqing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  389 Xincun Road, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2020.00493"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-052016-100401"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23320"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14665"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.04.024"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.025"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004500"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154345"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.017"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000346929"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22672"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.20105114"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00210"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95532-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13746"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201911-2199OC"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.09.013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01169"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000700"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"1861","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Covid\u201019 in China. Reply","volume":"382","author":"Guan W. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2135"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13772"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22214"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.202249805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eji.202249805","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.202249805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T22:57:30Z","timestamp":1692831450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.202249805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.202249805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.202249805","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-2980"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1521-4141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}