{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:45:36Z","timestamp":1788486336541,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) alters immune responses and given the rising prevalence of DM in tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries; hyperglycemia can be a potential risk factor for active TB development. However, the impact of hyperglycemia on TB\u2010specific innate immune response in terms of macrophage functions remains poorly addressed. We assessed macrophage effector functions in uncontrolled DM patients with or without TB infection (PTB+DM and DM), non\u2010diabetic TB patients (PTB), and non\u2010diabetic\u2010uninfected controls. Phagocytic capacity against BCG and surface expression of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (CD11b, CD14, CD206, MARCO, and TLR\u20102) were measured via flow cytometry. Effector molecules (ROS and NO) required for bacterial killing were assessed via DCFDA and Griess reaction respectively. A systematic dysregulation in phagocytic capacity with concurrent alterations in the expression pattern of key PRRs (CD11b, MARCO, and CD206) was observed in PTB+DM. These altered PRR expressions were associated with decreased phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Similarly, ROS was aberrantly higher while NO was lower in PTB+DM. These altered macrophage functions were positively correlated with increasing disease severity. Our results highlight several key patterns of immune dysregulation against TB infection under hyperglycemic conditions and highlight a negative impact of hyperglycemia with etiology and progression of TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T12:00:19Z","timestamp":1662465619000},"page":"1595-1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chronic hyperglycemia drives alterations in macrophage effector function in pulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sudhasini","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diravya M","family":"Seelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Luthra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanth Kumar","family":"Palanichamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anant","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naval K","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmy","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 110029 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7\u20100023\u20102016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0478OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0388-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.1998.0167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000173703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links","volume":"11","author":"Oguntibeju O. 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