{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:59:15Z","timestamp":1792425555252,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Replication\u2010incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vector and mRNA\u2010lipid nanoparticle (LNP) constructs represent two modular vaccine platforms that have attracted substantial interest over the past two decades. Due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic and the rapid development of multiple successful vaccines based on these technologies, there is now clear real\u2010world evidence of the utility and efficacy of these platforms. Considerable optimization and refinement efforts underpin the successful application of these technologies. Despite this, our understanding of the specific pathways and processes engaged by these vaccines to stimulate the immune response remains incomplete. This review will synthesize our current knowledge of the specific mechanisms by which CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell and antibody responses are induced by each of these vaccine platforms, and how this can be impacted by specific vaccine construction techniques. Key gaps in our knowledge are also highlighted, which can hopefully focus future studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T02:36:51Z","timestamp":1667529411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines: Mechanisms regulating their immunogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Provine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klenerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Status of COVID\u201019 Vaccines within WHO EUL\/PQ evaluation process","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00125-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID\u201019 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors","volume":"73","author":"Jacob\u2010Dolan C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. 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