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Although classified as an autoimmune disease, the immune mechanisms underpinning distinct GBS subtypes remain largely elusive. Traditionally considered primarily antibody\u2010mediated, the pathophysiology of GBS lacks clarity, posing challenges in the development of targeted and effective treatments. Nevertheless, recent investigations have substantially expanded our understanding of the disease, revealing an involvement of autoreactive T cell immunity in a major subtype of GBS patients and opening new biomedical perspectives. 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