{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T20:18:03Z","timestamp":1775333883401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000046","name":"National Research Council Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the continued transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 across widely vaccinated populations, it remains important to develop new vaccines and vaccination strategies capable of providing protective immunity and limiting the spread of disease. Heterologous prime\u2010boost vaccination based on the selection of different vaccine formulations and administration routes for priming and booster doses presents a promising strategy for inducing broader immune responses in key systemic and respiratory mucosal compartments. Intranasal vaccination can induce mucosal immune responses at the site of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection; however, the lack of clinically approved mucosal adjuvants makes it difficult to induce robust immune responses with protein subunit vaccines. Herein, we evaluated the immunogenicity of heterologous prime\u2010boost regimens in mice and hamsters based on a parenteral vaccination of the antigen in combination with sulfated lactosylarchaeol (SLA) archaeosomes, a liposome adjuvant comprised of a single semisynthetic archaeal lipid, followed by an intranasally administered unadjuvanted SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike antigen. Intranasal administration of unadjuvanted spike to mice and hamsters increased serum spike\u2010specific IgG titers and spike\u2010neutralizing activity compared with nonboosted animals. Spike\u2010specific IgA responses were also detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the lungs of mice that received an intranasal boost. In hamsters, the intranasal boost showed high efficacy against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection by protecting from body weight loss and reducing viral titers in the lungs and nasal turbinate. Overall, our heterologous intramuscular prime\u2010intranasal boost with SLA\u2010adjuvanted and unadjuvanted spike, respectively, demonstrated the potential of protein subunit formulations to promote antigen\u2010specific systemic and mucosal immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T05:49:15Z","timestamp":1712036955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intranasal administration of unadjuvanted SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike antigen boosts antigen\u2010specific immune responses induced by parenteral protein subunit vaccine prime in mice and hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Gerard","family":"Agbayani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada  Ottawa Ontario 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