{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:18:22Z","timestamp":1787505502971,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Secretory IgA is crucial for preventing the invasion of entero\u2010pathogens via intestinal mucosa. While it is well\u2010established that Transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) regulates IgA production in human and mouse B cells, our previous investigation revealed different functions of TGF\u2010\u03b21 in IgA generation in pigs compared with humans and mice, with the underlying mechanism remaining elusive. In this study, IgM\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells from porcine Peyer's patches (PPs) were isolated and stimulated with recombinant porcine TGF\u2010\u03b21 to evaluate the effect of TGF\u2010\u03b21 on pigs. The results showed that antibody production from B cells of PPs was impaired by TGF\u2010\u03b21 ex vivo. Furthermore, TGF\u2010\u03b21 treatment led to a decrease in the expression of germ\u2010line transcript \u03b1and postswitch transcript \u03b1. Moreover, we observed that TGF\u2010\u03b21 predominantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38\u2010mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPK), confirming the involvement of the p38\u2010MAPK pathway in porcine IgA generation and IgA class switch recombination. The application of p38\u2010MAPK inhibitor resulted in decreased B\u2010cell differentiation levels. Collectively, this study demonstrates that exogenous TGF\u2010\u03b21 restrains the production and class switch recombination of IgA antibodies by inhibiting p38\u2010MAPK signaling in porcine PPs B cells, which may constitute a component of TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010mediated inhibition of B\u2010cell activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:34:15Z","timestamp":1720398855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["TGF\u2010\u03b21 impairs IgA class switch recombination and production in porcine Peyer's patches B cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Caiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group Wageningen University and Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Xinjiang Agricultural University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huazheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongheng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huub F.J.","family":"Savelkoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group Wageningen University and Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine A.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group Wageningen University and Research  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8158-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Xinjiang Agricultural University  Urumqi China"},{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Infectious Disease Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Haikou China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000229177","article-title":"Comparative immunological studies of the immune globulins of human milk and of blood serum","volume":"18","author":"Hanson L.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Int. 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