{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:25:57Z","timestamp":1788521157002,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is marked by excessive complement activation, contributing to tissue damage. Complement activation can be detected in many organs including the skin, kidney, and brain. The involvement of the central nervous system is particularly relevant to understanding neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), one of the poorest understood manifestations of SLE for which no biomarkers are available. We studied the levels of complement inhibitors in SLE in relation to disease activity and as possible biomarkers to identify NPSLE. Serum levels of complement inhibitors C1\u2010inhibitor (C1\u2010INH), C4b\u2010binding protein (C4BP), Factor I, and Factor H were measured in 345 SLE patients (including 102 with NPSLE) and 108 healthy controls. Compared with controls, SLE patients had higher C1\u2010INH and C4BP but lower Factor I and H levels. All inhibitors positively correlated with total C3 and C4 levels. While correlating with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), no distinction in inhibitor levels was found between SLE and NPSLE patients. Over time, C1\u2010INH and Factor H levels normalized, but no significant changes were observed for C4BP and Factor I. In SLE the levels of circulating complement inhibitors are inversely correlated to complement consumption but do not serve as biomarkers for NPSLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202450998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T19:38:31Z","timestamp":1724269111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Circulating levels of endogenous complement inhibitors correlate inversely with complement consumption in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6496-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stef","family":"van der Meulen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2561-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory C.","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7815-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyra A.","family":"Gelderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanquin Diagnostic Services  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cees","family":"van Kooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine section Nephrology Center of Expertise for Lupus\u2010 Vasculitis and Complement\u2010mediated Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9920-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.K. 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