{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:12:18Z","timestamp":1790010738548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for chronic lung diseases and promotes activation of pattern recognition receptors in the bronchial epithelium. NOD\u2010like receptor family, pyrin domain\u2010containing 3 (NLRP3) is a pattern recognition receptor whose activation leads to caspase\u20101 cleavage, maturation\/release of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018, and eventually pyroptosis. Whether the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in CS\u2010induced inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells is still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of NLRP3 in CS\u2010induced inflammatory responses in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. To this purpose, human primary bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with CS extracts (CSE) and lytic cell death, caspase activation (\u20101, \u20108, \u20103\/7), cytokine release (IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201018, and IL\u20108), NLRP3, pro\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2\/pro\u2010IL\u201018 mRNA, and protein expression were measured. The impact of inhibitors of NLRP3 (MCC950), caspases, and the effect of the antioxidant N\u2010acetyl cysteine were evaluated. We found that CSE increased pro\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2 expression and induced activation of caspase\u20101 and release of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018. These events were independent of NLRP3 and we found that NLRP3 was not expressed. N\u2010acetyl cysteine reverted CSE\u2010induced caspase\u20101 activation. Overall, our findings support that the bronchial epithelium may play a central role in the release of IL\u20101 family cytokines independently of NLRP3 in the lungs of smokers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T01:25:41Z","timestamp":1722129941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Release of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke is independent of NLRP3"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Dino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation  Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND) University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Ospedale Civile di Venezia SS. Giovanni e Paolo  Venezia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Giuffr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Buscetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Di Vincenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)\u2010CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"La Mensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation  Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND) University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cristaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bucchieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND) University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Lo Iacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS ISMETT \u2010 UPMC Italy  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS ISMETT \u2010 UPMC Italy  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)\u2010CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cipollina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ri.MED Foundation  Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)\u2010CNR  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00141514"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Barnes P. 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