{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:53:40Z","timestamp":1783140820700,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceutica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015383","name":"Stichting voor Lever- en Maag-Darm Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Studies have traditionally focused on the role of T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but recent evidence supports a role for B cells. The enrichment of so\u2010called atypical memory (AtM) B cells, which show reduced signaling and impaired differentiation, is believed to be a characteristic feature of CHB, potentially contributing to the observed dysfunctional anti\u2010HBsAg B\u2010cell responses. Our study, involving 62 CHB patients across clinical phases, identified AtM B cells expressing\n                    <jats:italic>IFNLR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and interferon\u2010stimulated genes. Contrary to previous reports, we found relatively low frequencies of AtM B cells in the liver, comparable to peripheral blood. However, liver plasma cell frequencies were significantly higher, particularly during phases with elevated viral loads and liver enzyme levels. Liver plasma cells exhibited signs of active proliferation, especially in the immune active phase. Our findings suggest a potential role for plasma cells, alongside potential implications and consequences of local proliferation, within the livers of CHB patients. While the significance of AtM B cells remains uncertain, further investigation is warranted to determine their responsiveness to interferons and their role in CHB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T07:40:12Z","timestamp":1717054812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intrahepatic plasma cells, but not atypical memory B cells, associate with clinical phases of chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5210-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zgjim","family":"Osmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Arreola","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES) Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Joseph\u2010Chazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES) Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris J.","family":"Beudeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"de Knegt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond T.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Hacohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9254-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Aerssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Translational Science Infectious Diseases Janssen Research and Development  Beerse Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Bollekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Translational Science Infectious Diseases Janssen Research and Development  Beerse Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry L. A.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Centre for Liver Disease Toronto General Hospital Research Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg M.","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex K.","family":"Shalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES) Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harmen J. G.","family":"van de Werken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A0215-041RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1320414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.09.015"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.202451085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T07:13:21Z","timestamp":1731568401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.202451085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.202451085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.202451085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/EJI.202451085\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2451085"}}