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Extensive characterization of interactions between the host and bacteria in children is required to design novel preventive and therapeutic strategies tailored to this age group. V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells are the first T cells generated in humans. These cells are defined by the expression of V\u03b39V\u03b42 T\u2010cell receptors (TCRs, using the TRGV9 and TRDV2 gene segments), which react strongly against the prototypical bacterial phosphoantigen HMBPP. We investigated this reactivity by analyzing the TCR \u03b4 (TRD) repertoire in the blood of 76 children (0\u201316 years) with blood culture\u2010proven bacterial sepsis caused by HMBPP\u2010positive\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or by HMBPP\u2010negative\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    or by HMBPP\u2010negative\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Strikingly, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and to a lesser extent\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , shaped the TRDV2 repertoire in young children (&lt;2 years) but not in older children or adults. This dichotomy was due to the selective expansion of a fetal TRDV2 repertoire. Thus, young children possess fetal\u2010derived V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells that are highly responsive toward specific bacterial pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T09:34:00Z","timestamp":1722245640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sepsis shapes the human \u03b3\u03b4 TCR repertoire in an age\u2010 and pathogen\u2010dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0897-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Giannoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neonatology Department Mother\u2010Woman\u2010Child Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne 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