{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:23:21Z","timestamp":1789575801799,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Young females are at high risk of acquiring HIV\u20101 infections and an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome enhances susceptibility to HIV\u20101 infection. More insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up new strategies to prevent HIV\u20101 acquisition and dissemination. Here, we investigated the effect of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) on HIV\u20101 transmission by two distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets, that is, inflammatory monocyte\u2010derived DCs (moDCs) and primary CD1c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    DCs. Notably, in contrast to other BV\u2010associated microbiota,\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced uptake of HIV\u20101 by both moDCs and CD1c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    DCs and the increased uptake was independent of cellular HIV\u20101 (co\u2010)receptors. Imaging flow cytometry analyses showed that HIV\u20101 did not co\u2010localise with\n                    <jats:italic>P. timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    but was internalized into tetraspanin\u2010positive compartments known to be involved in HIV\u20101 transmission.\n                    <jats:italic>P. timonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria enhanced HIV\u20101 transmission by CD1c\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    DCs, but not by moDCs, and the enhanced transmission was independent of viral infection. Our study strongly suggests that mucosal DC subsets have distinct functions in BV\u2010associated HIV\u20101 susceptibility, and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and targeted treatment of vaginal dysbiosis to reduce the risk of HIV\u20101 acquisition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T07:31:06Z","timestamp":1741764666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vaginal\n                    <i>Prevotella timonensis<\/i>\n                    Bacteria Enhance HIV\u20101 Uptake and Differentially Affect Transmission by Distinct Primary Dendritic Cell Subsets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen Y.","family":"van Smoorenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester B. M.","family":"Remmerswaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Segui\u2010Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"van Hamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Strijbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teunis B. H.","family":"Geijtenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.UNAIDS Global AIDS update 2022.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.WE'VE GOT THE POWER Women Adolescent Girls and the HIV Response.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283021a37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai9383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022110629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80694-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703747104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"IDEAS ImageStream Analysis Software User's Manual","author":"Amnis","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2005.00293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507995103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02572-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01081-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-09-3129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00766-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031621"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.2.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8009221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.5.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.2733-2737.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.147363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0909605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80693-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","volume-title":"Cell\u2010based Method and Assay for Measuring the Infectivity and Drug Sensitivity of Immunodeficiency Virus","author":"Kappes J. 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